THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR MULTIPLE MYELOMA: AN ANALYSIS OF CURRENT PRACTICES

Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological neoplasm characterized by the clonal proliferation of plasma cells, which accumulate in the bone marrow and frequently produce the monoclonal protein M. Comprising 10-15% of hematological cancers, MM has a heterogeneous profile, requiring diversified therapeutic strategies. This study reviews contemporary therapeutic practices, emphasizing the evolution provided by immunomodulators, proteasome inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and emerging therapies, such as CAR-T cells. Advances such as autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and the combination of therapeutic agents have prolonged overall survival and improved disease control. However, challenges such as toxicity, high cost, and clinical heterogeneity remain. Personalized approaches and the use of biomarkers emerge as promising, allowing for more effective and targeted treatments. This paper summarizes the main innovations in the management of MM, highlighting perspectives and challenges of current practices.