THE IMPACT OF FUNGICIDES ON SOIL MICROBIOTA: A LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n11-064Keywords:
Phytopathogens, Management, Fungi, Bacteria, MicroorganismsAbstract
The intensification of modern agriculture has increased the use of fungicides to control fungal diseases and ensure agricultural productivity. However, their extensive use has raised concerns about the ecological impacts on soil microbiota. This study aimed to evaluate, through a systematic literature review, the effects of fungicides on the composition, diversity, and microbial functionality in soil ecosystems. The research was conducted using the Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and CAPES Journals databases, covering the period from 2020 to 2025, using the descriptors “fungicide, microorganisms, soil, and microbiome”. Fifty-four scientific articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected, encompassing field and laboratory experiments. The results indicate that fungicides act as important ecological stressors, affecting the structure, diversity, and metabolic functions of the soil microbiota. Fungal communities were more sensitive than bacterial communities, showing significant reductions in diversity and biomass after exposure to triazole and strobilurin compounds. There was also a decrease in enzymatic activity (dehydrogenase, phosphatase, and urease) and interference in nutrient cycling, especially in the carbon and nitrogen cycles. Although the use of fungicides is indispensable for crop protection, this review highlights their effects on soil functionality. It was observed that some bacterial genera, such as Pseudomonas and Arthrobacter, have the capacity for degradation and adaptation to these compounds. Despite evidence of microbial resilience and possible beneficial effects, gaps still remain regarding long-term impacts, which reinforces the importance of sustainable management and rational use of fungicides.
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