LESSONS FROM THE PANDEMIC: HOW COVID-19 RE(DESIGNED) PRIMARY CARE NURSING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev8n6-043Keywords:
Nurses, Learning, Primary Health Care, COVID-19Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic imposed unprecedented challenges on health systems, demanding rapid responses and structural reconfigurations from nursing on the front lines. The aim was to identify the available evidence in the scientific literature regarding the knowledge and learnings that were mobilized by nurses in Primary Health Care during the COVID-19 pandemic and to discuss the implications for enhancing these learnings in post-pandemic care. An integrative literature review was conducted through the CAPES Periodicals Portal. Studies published between 2020 and 2023, in Portuguese and English, addressing the role of nurses in the context of the pandemic were included. The final sample consisted of 15 analyzed articles. The main knowledge mobilized during the pandemic included: telehealth, good clinical practices and professional training, preventive measures, organizational factors, mental health, and work precarization. Regarding the implications for care in the post-pandemic period, the following were highlighted: professional and technological training, new safety measures and strengthening of policies, organizational changes and attention to mental health, appreciation of work, and continuity of telecare. The lessons learned amid the health crisis contributed to reconfiguring care practices and reinforcing the need for investments in continuing education, workplace safety, resilient public policies, and professionals' mental health. It is concluded that these elements are fundamental to consolidating more qualified, equitable, and sustainable care in the post-COVID-19 scenario.
Downloads
References
ALBISHI, A. et al. Exploring Primary Healthcare Nurses’ Preparedness and Response toward COVID-19 Pandemic in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study. British Journal of Healthcare and Medical Research, v. 9, n. 5, p. 229-241, 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.14738/bjhmr.95.13281.
ANTUNES, J. COVID-19 e Burnout nos profissionais de saúde. Psicologia, Saúde & Doenças, Lisboa, v. 23, n. 3, p. 591-601, dez. 2022. Disponível em: http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1645-00862022000300591&lng=pt&nrm=iso.
BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. Programação Anual de Saúde (PAS) 2025. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2025. Disponível em: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/programacao_anual_saude_2025_versao_02_12_2024.pdf.
FILGUEIRAS, T. F. et al. Percepção de enfermeiros acerca dos processos de cuidado durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Enfermagem em Foco, v. 15, n. supl. 1, e-202416SUPL1, 2024. Disponível em: https://enfermfoco.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/2357-707X-enfoco-15-s01-e-202416SUPL1/2357-707X-enfoco-15-s01-e-202416SUPL1.pdf.
GALVES, J. et al. Profissional enfermeiro no enfrentamento da COVID-19: relato de experiência no contexto da pesquisa clínica. Contribuciones a las Ciencias Sociales, v. 16, n. 10, p. 21102-21115, 2023. Disponível em: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374541295.
HALCOMB, E. et al. The experiences of primary healthcare nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, v. 54, n. 4, p. 556-564, 2022. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32735758/.
ILYA, K. et al. Effect of ethnicity, country of origin and workplace on health behaviors and health perception among nurses: Cross-sectional study. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, v. 53, n. 6, p. 749-758, 2021. Disponível em: https://sigmapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jnu.12759.
MARTIN-DELGADO, J. et al. Availability of personal protective equipment and diagnostic and treatment facilities for healthcare professionals involved in COVID-19 care: A cross-sectional study in Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador. PLoS ONE, v. 15, n. 12, e0243422, 2020. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33175877/.
MENDES, K. D. S.; SILVEIRA, R. C. C. P.; GALVÃO, C. M. Revisão integrativa: método de pesquisa para a incorporação de evidências na saúde e na enfermagem. Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem, v. 17, n. 4, p. 758-764, 2008. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/j/tce/a/XzFkq6tjWs4wHNqNjKJLkXQ/?format=html&lang=pt.
MINAYO, M. C. S. Análise qualitativa: teoria, passos e fidedignidade. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, v. 17, n. 3, p. 621-626, 2012. Disponível em: https://www.scielosp.org/pdf/csc/2012.v17n3/621-626/en.
MOHAMMED, M. A. et al. Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding COVID-19 among health care professionals in primary health care units in Dar El Salam, Sohag, Egypt. Sohag Medical Journal, v. 25, n. 1, p. 77-84, 2021. Disponível em: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348831154.
NILSEN, P. et al. Seven lessons from the coronavirus pandemic for primary health care: a qualitative study of registered nurses and assistant nurses in Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, v. 36, n. 4, p. 977-987, 2022. Disponível em: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/scs.13093.
ORGANIZAÇÃO PAN-AMERICANA DA SAÚDE. OMS declara emergência de saúde pública de importância internacional por surto de novo coronavírus. Washington, DC: OPAS, 2020. Disponível em: https://www.paho.org/pt/news/30-1-2020-who-declares-public-health-emergency-novel-coronavirus.
PEREIRA, S. C. A. et al. Atenção primária à saúde da gestante no contexto de pandemia pela COVID-19. Saberes Plurais: Educação na Saúde, v. 7, n. 1, e128251, 2023. Disponível em: https://seer.ufrgs.br/saberesplurais/article/view/128251.
PUBLIC SERVICE INTERNATIONAL. Profissionais da saúde e a Covid-19 no Brasil: relatório especial em dados e gráficos. França: PSI, 12 out. 2022. Disponível em: https://publicservices.international/?lang=pt.
REGRAGUI, S. et al. Nursing practice and teleconsultations in a pandemic context: A mixed-methods study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, v. 32, n. 15-16, p. 5110-5121, 2023. Disponível em: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jocn.16756.
REIS, N. et al. Telerehabilitation in the Transitional Care of Patients with Sequelae Associated with COVID-19: Perception of Portuguese Nurses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 19, n. 24, 17096, 2022. Disponível em: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9779261/.
SAMPAIO, F. D. S. et al. Workplace well-being and perceived quality of life by Portuguese nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of protective factors and stressors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 17, n. 18, 6750, 2020. Disponível em: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/18/6750.
SANTOS, C. M. C.; PIMENTA, C. A. M.; NOBRE, M. R. C. A estratégia PICO para a construção da pergunta de pesquisa e busca de evidências. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, v. 15, n. 3, p. 508-511, 2007. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/j/rlae/a/CfKNnz8mvSqVjZ37Z77pFsy/?lang=pt.
SIMRAT, K. et al. Utilization of deep learning to quantify fluid volume of neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients based on swept-source OCT imaging: The ONTARIO study. PLoS ONE, v. 17, n. 2, e0262111, 2022. Disponível em: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0262111.
STARFIELD, B. Atenção primária: equilíbrio entre necessidades de saúde, serviços e tecnologia. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2006. Disponível em: https://www.nescon.medicina.ufmg.br/biblioteca/imagem/0253.pdf.
TOSO, B. R. G. O. et al. Ações de Enfermagem no cuidado à criança na atenção primária durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Enfermagem Pediátrica, v. 20, n. esp., p. 6-15, 2020. Disponível em: https://journal.sobep.org.br/article/acoes-de-enfermagem-no-cuidado-a-crianca-na-atencao-primaria-durante-a-pandemia-de-covid-19/.
VAN GROOTVEN, B. et al. Experiences with the implementation of remote monitoring in patients with COVID-19: A qualitative study with patients and healthcare professionals. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, v. 55, n. 1, p. 67-78, 2023. Disponível em: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9537958/.
VILASBÔAS, A. L. Q. et al. Institucionalização da avaliação e monitoramento da atenção primária à saúde no SUS: contribuições para uma agenda estratégica de pesquisa. Saúde em Debate, v. 48, n. esp. 2, e9249, 2024. Disponível em: https://www.scielosp.org/article/sdeb/2024.v48nspe2/e9249/pt/.
XU, T.; MITCHELL, R.; WANG, W. Organizational factors associated with primary care nurses’ self-efficacy in pandemic response: a multilevel study in China. Family Practice, v. 40, n. 5-6, p. 768-774, 2023. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37582660/.
