CLIMATE CHANGE AND RESPIRATORY VULNERABILITY: INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN SOCIAL INEQUALITY, HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Abstract

Introduction: Climate change intensifies heat waves, wildfires, and air pollution, worsening respiratory diseases and widening social inequalities. In Brazil, regions such as the Amazon face PM₂.₅ concentrations up to 40% higher than the national average, reflecting a scenario of environmental injustice and health vulnerability.

Objective: To discuss how climate change amplifies social inequalities and worsens respiratory conditions, proposing an environmental health approach guided by equity and climate justice.

Methodology: An integrative review (2020–2025) based on articles from the SciELO, BVS, and PubMed databases, using descriptors such as “climate change,” “air pollution,” “social inequality,” and “respiratory diseases,” following the PICOS structure. RESULTS AND

Discussion: Extreme events increased hospitalizations for asthma and COPD by up to 25% in Brazil’s North and Central-West regions. Low-income populations and children were the most affected. Amazonian communities near wildfire areas showed a 30% higher prevalence of COPD. Socioeconomic inequality emerges as a key determinant of exposure and outcomes related to respiratory diseases.

Final considerations: The findings reinforce that the impacts of climate change are not equally distributed, highlighting the need for intersectoral and equitable public policies. Integrating health, environment, and social justice is essential to strengthen community resilience and promote sustainable well-being.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56238/edimpacto2025.060-026