NEUTRALIDADE DA DEGRADAÇÃO DA TERRA (LDN): UMA REVISÃO CRÍTICA DAS LACUNAS CONCEITUAIS E DESAFIOS DE IMPLEMENTAÇÃO E MONITORAMENTO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n10-300Palavras-chave:
Degradação da Terra, Desertificação, Neutralidade da Degradação da TerraResumo
A Neutralidade da Degradação da Terra (LDN) foi proposta pela Convenção das Nações Unidas de Combate à Desertificação (UNCCD) com o propósito de conter a perda de produtividade e os impactos socioambientais decorrentes da degradação dos ecossistemas terrestres. Como conceito e meta recente, a LDN ainda suscita debates quanto à sua clareza conceitual, coerência metodológica e aplicabilidade em diferentes contextos regionais. Este estudo, desenvolvido no período de 1997 a 2019, tem como objetivo analisar o processo de implementação da LDN, identificando as principais lacunas conceituais e os desafios relacionados à utilização de indicadores biofísicos no monitoramento e na avaliação da meta em distintas escalas. O recorte temporal adotado justifica-se por abranger desde a consolidação da Convenção das Nações Unidas de Combate à Desertificação até a incorporação formal da LDN na Agenda 2030, permitindo observar sua evolução conceitual e institucional. A pesquisa, de natureza integrativa e caráter bibliométrico, abrangeu 54 artigos científicos e 8 relatórios institucionais, obtidos em bases indexadas e documentos da literatura cinzenta. Os resultados evidenciam que, apesar do avanço no estabelecimento da LDN como componente do ODS 15 da Agenda 2030, persistem incertezas quanto à definição de linhas de base, à comparabilidade dos indicadores e à efetividade das políticas públicas em países com limitada capacidade técnica. Conclui-se que o fortalecimento científico e institucional da LDN depende da harmonização conceitual e da integração entre ciência, governança e financiamento sustentável, de modo a assegurar um futuro com equilíbrio entre degradação e restauração das terras.
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