NEUTRALIDAD DE LA DEGRADACIÓN DE LA TIERRA (LDT): UNA REVISIÓN CRÍTICA DE LAS LAGUNAS CONCEPTUALES Y LOS RETOS DE IMPLEMENTACIÓN Y MONITOREO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n10-300Palabras clave:
Degradación de la Tierra, Desertificación, Neutralidad en la Degradación de la TierraResumen
La Neutralidad en la Degradación de la Tierra (LDT) fue propuesta por la Convención de las Naciones Unidas de Lucha contra la Desertificación (UNCCD) con el objetivo de frenar la pérdida de productividad y los impactos socioambientales derivados de la degradación de los ecosistemas terrestres. Como meta reciente, la LDT sigue siendo objeto de debate respecto a su claridad conceptual, coherencia metodológica y aplicabilidad en distintos contextos regionales. Este estudio, desarrollado en el período 1997–2019, tiene como propósito analizar el proceso de implementación de la LDT, identificando las principales lagunas conceptuales y los desafíos vinculados al uso de indicadores biofísicos para su monitoreo y evaluación en diversas escalas. El período elegido abarca desde la consolidación de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas de Lucha contra la Desertificación hasta la inclusión formal de la LDT en la Agenda 2030, lo que permite observar su evolución conceptual e institucional. La investigación, de carácter integrador y enfoque bibliométrico, abarcó 54 artículos científicos y 8 informes institucionales procedentes de bases indexadas y literatura gris. Los resultados muestran que, aunque la LDT se ha consolidado como un componente esencial del ODS 15 de la Agenda 2030, persisten incertidumbres sobre la definición de líneas de base, la comparabilidad de los indicadores y la eficacia de las políticas públicas en países con limitada capacidad técnica. Se concluye que el fortalecimiento científico e institucional de la LDT depende de la armonización conceptual y de la integración entre ciencia, gobernanza y financiamiento sostenible, a fin de garantizar un futuro equilibrado entre la degradación y la restauración de las tierras.
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