PERSPECTIVAS TERAPÊUTICAS SOBRE A EFICÁCIA DO TRATAMENTO DA AMBLIOPIA EM DIFERENTES FAIXAS ETÁRIAS: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DE LITERATURA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n10-134Palavras-chave:
Ambliopia, Terapêutica, Efetividade, Plasticidade Neuronal, Grupos EtáriosResumo
Objetivos: A ambliopia consiste na redução da acuidade visual devido às diferenças na qualidade de estímulo visual entre os olhos durante o período do desenvolvimento visual crítico na infância. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar a literatura dos últimos 5 anos sobre a eficácia do tratamento da ambliopia em diferentes faixas etárias. Métodos: O estudo foi definido como uma revisão integrativa, realizou-se buscas nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane Library e SciELO, utilizando os descritores ‘Ambliopia’, ‘Gerenciamento Clínico’, ‘Faixas Etárias’ e seus equivalentes em inglês, conforme a plataforma DeCS/MeSH. Foram identificados 114 artigos potencialmente elegíveis, mas apenas 29 atendiam aos critérios de inclusão. Resultados: A janela crítica para o desenvolvimento visual varia conforme as funções visuais e os tipos de ambliopia. A redução da plasticidade neural com o avanço da idade torna a terapia mais desafiadora em crianças mais velhas. Contudo, alguns estudos demonstraram que a eficácia de determinados tratamentos não depende necessariamente da idade. Conclusão: Diante da divergência de resultados sobre a eficácia do tratamento da ambliopia com o avanço da idade, são necessários mais estudos experimentais para esclarecer o papel da idade como fator determinante, complementar ou irrelevante na terapia.
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