UM PROTOCOLO DE NATAÇÃO DE SOBRECARGA INICIADO PRECOCEMENTE ATENUOU A OBESIDADE, MAS AGIU COMO ANSIOGÊNICO EM RATAS ALIMENTADAS COM DIETA OCIDENTAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n9-165Palavras-chave:
Treinamento de Natação com Sobrecarga, Dieta de Cafeteria, Ansiedade, Obesidade, Ratas FêmeasResumo
Objetivo: Avaliar a influência de um treinamento de natação com sobrecarga precoce (OST) no desenvolvimento de obesidade e comportamento ansioso em ratas alimentadas com dieta de cafeteria (Caf). Principais métodos: Sessenta e seis ratas Wistar (21 dias de idade, 11/grupo) foram agrupadas como: sedentárias alimentadas com ração (Ch-S), alimentadas com ração exercitadas uma vez por semana (Ch-E1), alimentadas com ração exercitadas 5 dias/semana (Ch-E5), sedentárias alimentadas com Caf (Caf-S), alimentadas com Caf exercitadas uma vez por semana (Caf-E1) e alimentadas com Caf exercitadas 5 dias/semana (Caf-E5). O OST foi iniciado no dia seguinte (45 min/sobrecarga de 5% do peso corporal). A dieta Café começou aos 31 dias de vida, com a adição de alimentos hipercalóricos à ração comercial e à água. Tanto Caf quanto OST continuaram por 60 dias. Principais descobertas: Os ratos Caf-S apresentaram aumento na ingestão calórica, peso corporal, depósitos de gordura abdominal, trigliceridemia e circunferência abdominal. Esse aumento nos marcadores de obesidade foi prevenido pela OST, sendo E5 mais eficiente que E1. Caf não alterou o comportamento, mas Caf-E1 e Caf-E5 passaram menos tempo nos braços abertos do labirinto em cruz elevado do que o grupo Caf-S, indicando que a associação de Caf + exercício foi ansiogênica. Como não houve alterações no número de entradas no braço fechado e nenhuma diferença na mobilidade no teste de campo aberto, isso não pode ser atribuído a um efeito motor. Significância: A OST foi eficaz na redução dos marcadores de obesidade que foram aumentados pela dieta de cafeteria, mas também foi ansiogênica. A OST em fêmeas pode induzir estresse crônico que deve ser considerado durante a interpretação de seu efeito antiobesidade.
Downloads
Referências
Wewege M, van den Berg R, Ward RE, Keech A. The effects of high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training on body composition in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2017 Jun;18(6):635-646. doi: 10.1111/obr.12532. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12532
Milaneschi Y, Simmons WK, van Rossum EFC, Penninx BW. Depression and obesity: evidence of shared biological mechanisms. Mol Psychiatry. 2019 Jan;24(1):18-33. doi: 10.1038/s41380-018-0017-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-018-0017-5
Bonfim THFD, Tavares RL, de Vasconcelos MHA, Gouveia M, Nunes PC, Soares NL, Alves RC, de Carvalho JLP, Alves AF, Pereira RA, Cardoso GA, Silva AS, Aquino JS. Potentially obesogenic diets alter metabolic and neurobehavioural parameters in Wistar rats: a comparison between two dietary models. J Affect Disord. 2021 Jan 15;279:451-461. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.034. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.034
Lalanza JF, Snoeren EMS. The cafeteria diet: A standardized protocol and its effects on behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021 Mar;122:92-119. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.003
Christ A, Lauterbach M, Latz E. Western Diet and the Immune System: An Inflammatory Connection. Immunity. 2019 Nov 19;51(5):794-811. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.09.020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2019.09.020
van Rossum EF. Obesity and cortisol: New perspectives on an old theme. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2017 Mar;25(3):500-501. doi: 10.1002/oby.21774. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.21774
Ferreira A, Castro JP, Andrade JP, Dulce Madeira M, Cardoso A. Cafeteria-diet effects on cognitive functions, anxiety, fear response and neurogenesis in the juvenile rat. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2018 Nov;155:197-207. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.07.014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2018.07.014
Dorling J, Broom DR, Burns SF, Clayton DJ, Deighton K, James LJ, King JA, Miyashita M, Thackray AE, Batterham RL, Stensel DJ. Acute and Chronic Effects of Exercise on Appetite, Energy Intake, and Appetite-Related Hormones: The Modulating Effect of Adiposity, Sex, and Habitual Physical Activity. Nutrients. 2018 Aug 22;10(9):1140. doi: 10.3390/nu10091140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091140
Shafia S, Vafaei AA, Samaei SA, Bandegi AR, Rafiei A, Valadan R, Hosseini-Khah Z, Mohammadkhani R, Rashidy-Pour A. Effects of moderate treadmill exercise and fluoxetine on behavioural and cognitive deficits, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction and alterations in hippocampal BDNF and mRNA expression of apoptosis - related proteins in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2017 Mar;139:165-178. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.01.009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2017.01.009
Stonerock GL, Hoffman BM, Smith PJ, Blumenthal JA. Exercise as Treatment for Anxiety: Systematic Review and Analysis. Ann Behav Med. 2015 Aug;49(4):542-56. doi: 10.1007/s12160-014-9685-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-014-9685-9
O'Reilly MW, House PJ, Tomlinson JW. Understanding androgen action in adipose tissue. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2014 Sep;143:277-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.04.008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.04.008
Sigwalt AR, Budde H, Helmich I, Glaser V, Ghisoni K, Lanza S, Cadore EL, Lhullier FL, de Bem AF, Hohl A, de Matos FJ, de Oliveira PA, Prediger RD, Guglielmo LG, Latini A. Molecular aspects involved in swimming exercise training reducing anhedonia in a rat model of depression. Neuroscience. 2011 Sep 29;192:661-74. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.05.075. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.05.075
Abderrahim L, Hicham EM, Aboubaker E, Fatima A, Tarik T, Soufiane B, Abdelhalim M. Sex differences in behavioral, cognitive and voluntary ethanol-intake effects in Dexamethasone-induced depression-like state in Wistar rat. AIMS Neurosci. 2022 Apr 29;9(2):228-249. doi: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2022012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3934/Neuroscience.2022012
Li N, Shi H, Guo Q, Gan Y, Zhang Y, Jia J, Zhang L, Zhou Y. Aerobic Exercise Prevents Chronic Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle of High-Fat Diet Mice. Nutrients. 2022 Sep 10;14(18):3730. doi: 10.3390/nu14183730. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183730
Zhou Z, Wang M, Huang C, Li Y, Gao L, Zhu Y, Ying C, Zhou X. Treadmill exercise training alleviates diabetes-induced depressive-like behavior and cognitive impairment by improving hippocampal CA1 neurons injury in db/db mice. Brain Res Bull. 2022 Nov;190:84-96. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.09.018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.09.018
Safari MA, Koushkie Jahromi M, Rezaei R, Aligholi H, Brand S. The Effect of Swimming on Anxiety-Like Behaviors and Corticosterone in Stressed and Unstressed Rats. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Sep 14;17(18):6675. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186675. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186675
de Lima DG, da Silva CF, Freitas AG, da Silva OLP, de Souza FMA, Bortolini MJS, Penha-Silva N, Santos FGA, de Carvalho YK, Valenti VE, Silva RPM. The Effects of Testosterone Therapy Combined with Swimming Exercise on Adipose Tissue and Biochemical Parameters in Male Obese Wistar Rats. Acta Endocrinol (Buchar). 2021 Jul-Sep;17(3):304-312. doi: 10.4183/aeb.2021.304. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4183/aeb.2021.304
Cordeiro MM, Ribeiro RA, Bubna PB, de Almeida AC, Laginski TRF, Franco GCN, Scomparin DX. Physical exercise attenuates obesity development in Western-diet fed obese rats independently of vitamin D supplementation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2022 Jun;49(6):633-642. doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.13637. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.13637
Marwitz SE, Woodie LN, Blythe SN. Western-style diet induces insulin insensitivity and hyperactivity in adolescent male rats. Physiol Behav. 2015 Nov 1;151:147-54. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.07.023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.07.023
Finlayson G. Food addiction and obesity: unnecessary medicalization of hedonic overeating. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017;13(8):493-498. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.61. PubMed PMID: 28549063. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2017.61
Wang R, Tian H, Guo D, Tian Q, Yao T, Kong X. Impacts of exercise intervention on various diseases in rats. J Sport Health Sci. 2020 May;9(3):211-227. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.09.008. Epub 2019 Oct 28. PMID: 32444146; PMCID: PMC7242221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2019.09.008
Alonso-Caraballo Y, Hodgson KJ, Morgan SA, Ferrario CR, Vollbrecht PJ. Enhanced anxiety-like behavior emerges with weight gain in male and female obesity-susceptible rats. Behav Brain Res. 2019 Mar 15;360:81-93. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.12.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2018.12.002
Stolarczyk E. Adipose tissue inflammation in obesity: a metabolic or immune response? Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017;37:35-40. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.08.006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2017.08.006
Bloemer J, Pinky PD, Govindarajulu M, Hong H, Judd R, Amin RH, et al. Role of Adiponectin in Central Nervous System Disorders. Neural Plast 2018;2018:4593530. doi: 10.1155/2018/4593530. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4593530
Qiu W, Cai X, Zheng C, Qiu S, Ke H, Huang Y. Update on the Relationship Between Depression and Neuroendocrine Metabolism. Front Neurosci 2021;15:728810. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.728810. PubMed PMID: 34531719; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.728810
Dunn AJ, Swiergiel AH. Effects of interleukin-1 and endotoxin in the forced swim and tail suspension tests in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2005;81(3):688-93. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2005.04.019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2005.04.019
Zhu C, Blakely RD, Hewlett A. The Proinflammatory Cytokines Interleukin-1beta and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Activate Serotonin Transporters. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006;31(10):2121-2131. doi: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301029. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1301029
Malynn S, Campos-Torres A, Moynagh P, Haase J. The pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α regulates the activity and expression of the serotonin transporter (SERT) in astrocytes. Neurochemical Research 2013;38:694–704. doi: 10.1007/s11064-012-0967-y. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-012-0967-y
Wichers M, Maes M. The psychoneuroimmuno-pathophysiology of cytokine-induced depression in humans. International Journal Neuropsychopharmacology 2002;5(4):375–388. doi: 10.1017/S1461145702003103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1461145702003103
Cassilhas RC, Tufik S, de Mello MT. Physical exercise, neuroplasticity, spatial learning and memory. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2016 Mar;73(5):975-83. doi: 10.1007/s00018-015-2102-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-2102-0
da Costa Estrela D, da Silva WA, Guimarães AT, de Oliveira Mendes B, da Silva Castro AL, da Silva Torres IL, Malafaia G. Predictive behaviors for anxiety and depression in female Wistar rats subjected to cafeteria diet and stress. Physiol Behav. 2015 Nov 1;151:252-63. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.07.016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.07.016
Xie Y, Wu Z, Sun L, Zhou L, Wang G, Xiao L, Wang H. The Effects and Mechanisms of Exercise on the Treatment of Depression. Front Psychiatry. 2021 Nov 5;12:705559. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.705559. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.705559
Hosseini SA, Salehi O, Keikhosravi F, Hassanpour G, Ardakani HD, Farkhaie F, Shadmehri S, Azarbayjani MA. Mental Health Benefits of Exercise and Genistein in Elderly Rats. Exp Aging Res. 2022 Jan-Feb;48(1):42-57. doi: 10.1080/0361073X.2021.1918473. Epub 2021 Apr 22. PMID: 33888036. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0361073X.2021.1918473
