EFICÁCIA COMPARATIVA DE IRRIGADORES ORAIS E FIO DENTAL TRADICIONAL NO CONTROLE DA PLACA BACTERIANA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE EVIDÊNCIAS CLÍNICAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n9-010Palavras-chave:
Irrigador Bucal, Fio Dental, Limpeza Interdental, Irrigador Oral, Controle de Biofilme, Saúde PeriodontalResumo
Objetivo: Esta revisão sistemática tem como objetivo avaliar e comparar a eficácia do irrigador oral e do fio dental tradicional na remoção de placa bacteriana e restos alimentares, considerando sua aplicabilidade em diferentes populações de pacientes.
Métodos: Uma busca sistemática da literatura foi realizada no PubMed, EMBASE e Biblioteca Cochrane até agosto de 2025. A estratégia de busca combinou MeSH e termos em texto livre: (periodontitis OR periodontal OR periodontal* OR “gum disease” OR “periodontal infection” OR “periodontal inflammation” OR “chronic periodontitis”) AND (water flosser OR oral irrigator OR “water jet” OR “oral irrigation”) AND (dental floss OR interdental cleaning). Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECRs), ensaios clínicos e revisões sistemáticas publicados em inglês, português ou espanhol. Os estudos foram gerenciados no Zotero para remoção de duplicatas. Títulos e resumos foram avaliados independentemente por dois revisores. Os textos completos foram avaliados de acordo com os critérios de elegibilidade predefinidos.
Resultados: Vinte e cinco estudos preencheram os critérios de inclusão, incluindo ECRs, revisões integrativas e revisões sistemáticas. Tanto o irrigador oral quanto o fio dental reduziram significativamente o acúmulo de placa bacteriana. O irrigador oral demonstrou eficácia superior em pacientes com aparelhos ortodônticos, implantes dentários, próteses ou limitações motoras. Alguns estudos demonstraram superioridade marginal do irrigador oral na redução de placa bacteriana (20 a 30% maior que o fio dental), enquanto outros não encontraram diferença significativa. As evidências sugerem que o irrigador oral aumenta a adesão e o conforto do paciente, embora ainda existam preocupações quanto à colonização microbiana das pontas dos dispositivos e à potencial microinfiltração marginal nas coroas.
Conclusão: Tanto o irrigador oral quanto o fio dental tradicional são eficazes na remoção de placa bacteriana e detritos. O irrigador oral parece ser ligeiramente superior em populações especiais e no acesso a regiões interproximais difíceis. Recomendações individualizadas devem ser feitas com base nas condições clínicas do paciente, na destreza manual e no estado protético ou ortodôntico. Mais ECRs de alta qualidade e longo prazo são necessários para confirmar a superioridade dos irrigadores orais em diferentes contextos clínicos.
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Referências
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