AUTONOMÍA REPRODUCTIVA EN EL SIGLO XXI: UNA REVISIÓN NARRATIVA SOBRE SU IMPORTANCIA, DESAFÍOS E INTEGRACIÓN CON LOS OBJETIVOS DE DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev8n5-135Palabras clave:
Autonomía Reproductiva, Salud Colectiva, Derechos Reproductivos, Igualdad de Género, Objetivos de Desarrollo SostenibleResumen
La autonomía reproductiva constituye un derecho humano fundamental y un importante determinante de la salud colectiva, la igualdad de género y el desarrollo sostenible en el siglo XXI. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo discutir la autonomía reproductiva de hombres y mujeres, analizando su importancia para la salud colectiva y sus interfaces con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). Se trata de una revisión narrativa de la literatura, de carácter descriptivo y exploratorio, realizada entre febrero y abril de 2026, mediante búsquedas en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO y LILACS, además del uso de documentos institucionales, libros y directrices internacionales. Se utilizaron descriptores relacionados con autonomía reproductiva, salud sexual y reproductiva, igualdad de género, derechos reproductivos, planificación familiar y desarrollo sostenible. Al final del proceso de selección, 58 materiales integraron la revisión, incluyendo artículos científicos y documentos institucionales. Los resultados demostraron que factores como desigualdades socioeconómicas, violencia de género, matrimonio infantil, embarazo en la adolescencia, barreras culturales, baja escolaridad y fragilidades en los sistemas de salud limitan el ejercicio pleno de la autonomía reproductiva, especialmente entre mujeres y poblaciones vulnerables. También se observó que crisis contemporáneas, como la pandemia de COVID-19 y el cambio climático, ampliaron las desigualdades relacionadas con el acceso a los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva. Por otro lado, estrategias intersectoriales que involucran educación sexual integral, fortalecimiento de la atención primaria en salud, inclusión digital, equidad de género y políticas públicas centradas en los derechos humanos demostraron potencial para promover la autonomía reproductiva y reducir las desigualdades en salud. Se concluye que la integración de la autonomía reproductiva con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible representa una estrategia indispensable para promover la salud, la ciudadanía, la equidad social y el fortalecimiento de los derechos humanos en el contexto contemporáneo.
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