AUTONOMIA REPRODUTIVA NO SÉCULO XXI: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA SOBRE A IMPORTÂNCIA, DESAFIOS E INTEGRAÇÃO COM OS OBJETIVOS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev8n5-135Palavras-chave:
Autonomia Reprodutiva, Saúde Coletiva, Direitos Reprodutivos, Objetivos de Desenvolvimento SustentávelResumo
A autonomia reprodutiva constitui um direito humano fundamental e um importante determinante da saúde coletiva, da igualdade de gênero e do desenvolvimento sustentável no século XXI. O presente estudo teve como objetivo discutir a autonomia reprodutiva de homens e mulheres, analisando sua importância para a saúde coletiva e suas interfaces com os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, de natureza descritiva e exploratória, realizada entre fevereiro e abril de 2026, por meio de buscas nas bases PubMed, SciELO e LILACS, além da utilização de documentos institucionais, livros e diretrizes internacionais. Foram utilizados descritores relacionados à autonomia reprodutiva, saúde sexual e reprodutiva, igualdade de gênero, direitos reprodutivos, planejamento familiar e desenvolvimento sustentável. Ao final do processo de seleção, 58 materiais compuseram a revisão, incluindo artigos científicos e documentos institucionais. Os resultados demonstraram que fatores como desigualdades socioeconômicas, violência de gênero, casamento infantil, gravidez na adolescência, barreiras culturais, baixa escolaridade e fragilidades nos sistemas de saúde limitam o exercício pleno da autonomia reprodutiva, especialmente entre mulheres e populações vulneráveis. Observou-se ainda que crises contemporâneas, como a pandemia da COVID-19 e as mudanças climáticas, ampliaram desigualdades relacionadas ao acesso aos serviços de saúde sexual e reprodutiva. Em contrapartida, estratégias intersetoriais envolvendo educação sexual abrangente, fortalecimento da atenção primária à saúde, inclusão digital, equidade de gênero e políticas públicas centradas nos direitos humanos demonstraram potencial para promoção da autonomia reprodutiva e redução das desigualdades em saúde. Conclui-se que a integração da autonomia reprodutiva aos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável representa estratégia indispensável para promoção da saúde, cidadania, equidade social e fortalecimento dos direitos humanos no contexto contemporâneo.
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