MAPEO Y ANÁLISIS DE CAMPAÑAS NEGATIVAS CONTRA EL ACEITE DE PALMA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev8n1-142Palabras clave:
Aceite de Palma, Campaña Negativa, Encuadre Mediático, Percepción Pública, Revisión Sistemática de la LiteraturaResumen
La industria del aceite de palma ha sido objeto de campañas negativas persistentes, especialmente en los medios de comunicación internacionales y en los discursos de incidencia, que con frecuencia la vinculan con la deforestación, la pérdida de biodiversidad y el cambio climático. Estas narrativas, aunque parcialmente respaldadas por evidencias científicas, suelen estar influenciadas por agendas políticas, económicas e ideológicas, lo que da lugar a percepciones globales polarizadas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo mapear y analizar de manera sistemática cómo las campañas negativas contra el aceite de palma han sido enmarcadas, difundidas e interpretadas en la literatura académica revisada por pares. Adoptando un enfoque cualitativo mediante el método de Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura (RSL), el estudio sigue el protocolo PRISMA para garantizar la transparencia y la reproducibilidad. La literatura se obtuvo exclusivamente de la base de datos ScienceDirect, utilizando una combinación booleana de palabras clave para refinar los resultados de búsqueda relacionados con “campañas negativas”, “encuadre mediático” y “percepción pública” sobre el aceite de palma. Un total de 1.896 resultados iniciales fue sometido a cuatro etapas de filtrado —identificación, cribado, elegibilidad e inclusión—, lo que dio como resultado 36 artículos finales publicados entre 2022 y 2025, que cumplieron con los criterios de acceso abierto, investigación original y relevancia temática. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis temático de contenido para extraer patrones sobre cómo se construyen y sostienen las narrativas negativas. Los resultados revelan cinco temas dominantes: encuadre de la degradación ambiental, marginación socioeconómica, mecanismos de amplificación mediática, proteccionismo geopolítico y vacíos de respuesta por parte de los países productores. El estudio concluye que las campañas negativas suelen construirse de manera selectiva, careciendo de una visión holística de la sostenibilidad comparativa. Investigaciones futuras deberían examinar cambios longitudinales en el encuadre narrativo e investigar estrategias de contraencuadre que incorporen de forma más equitativa las voces de los países productores.
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