PLATAFORMAS DIGITALES COMO VECTORES ESTRUCTURANTES DE LA ECONOMÍA CIRCULAR: TRAZABILIDAD, GOBERNANZA E IMPACTO SOCIOAMBIENTAL EN UN ESTUDIO DE CASO BRASILEÑO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n12-152Palabras clave:
Economía Circular, Trazabilidad Digital, Gobernanza, Logística Inversa, SostenibilidadResumen
Este estudio investiga cómo una plataforma de trazabilidad digital contribuye a fortalecer la gobernanza sostenible en cadenas de suministro circulares, articulando la tecnología, el impacto socioambiental y las reconfiguraciones institucionales. La investigación aborda la brecha existente en la literatura sobre el rol operativo e institucional de las soluciones digitales en la mejora de la logística inversa, especialmente en contextos de alta heterogeneidad organizacional. Para lograr este objetivo, se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo, con un diseño descriptivo y exploratorio, estructurado a través de un estudio de caso único. La recopilación de evidencia combinó la revisión sistemática de la literatura, el análisis de documentos, las entrevistas con actores clave y la observación indirecta de las funcionalidades de la plataforma, lo que permitió una rigurosa triangulación metodológica. Los resultados demuestran una importante expansión operativa, expresada en más de 230.000 toneladas de residuos compensados y aproximadamente 750.000 toneladas de CO₂ equivalente evitadas desde el inicio de las operaciones. La red de cooperativas movilizadas alcanzó las 60 organizaciones, con un crecimiento del 87,5% en comparación con el ciclo anterior, mientras que las inversiones socioestructurales totalizaron R$ 30 millones. Los programas sectoriales registraron el reciclaje de 11.384 toneladas de envases plásticos, equivalentes a 759 camiones de recolección, además de tasas de reciclaje superiores al 93% en iniciativas corporativas específicas. A pesar del progreso, se identificaron inestabilidades metodológicas relacionadas con los criterios de equivalencia ambiental y las masas certificadas, lo que limita la comparabilidad longitudinal y exige la estandarización de los procedimientos. Se concluye que la plataforma actúa como un vector estructurante de la economía circular, ampliando la transparencia, la trazabilidad y la eficiencia sistémica. Sin embargo, su plena consolidación requiere mejoras metodológicas, gobernanza colaborativa y una alineación continua con las políticas públicas.
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