THE IMPACT OF FOOD INSECURITY IN THE FIRST THOUSAND DAYS AND THE CONSEQUENCES FOR CHILD HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

Food insecurity in the first thousand days of life, from conception to two years of age, is a significant challenge that affects children’s physical, cognitive, and emotional development. Lack of access to nutritious food during this critical period can result in long-term consequences, including health problems and socioeconomic development. To assess the impact of food insecurity during this crucial phase of children’s lives and understand its implications for children’s health and development. A literature review was conducted in databases, selecting studies based on titles, abstracts, and full texts. Studies published in the last 15 years were included. The analysis focused on identifying risk factors for food insecurity and its consequences in the first thousand days of life. The review revealed that food insecurity is associated with intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, and deficits in cognitive development. The lack of essential micronutrients compromises the immune system, increasing vulnerability to diseases. Furthermore, economic conditions, climate change and armed conflicts worsen access to food and widen social inequality. The data indicate an urgent need for effective public policies that guarantee food security during the first thousand days of life. Food insecurity in the first thousand days has long-lasting consequences for child development. Implementing comprehensive and integrated policies is essential to break the cycle of poverty and improve children's growth and health potential, thus ensuring a more equitable and healthy future for all children.