CONTROL STRATEGIES AND MANAGEMENT PROTOCOLS IN THE TREATMENT OF BRUCELLOSIS IN CATTLE

Abstract

Bovine brucellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease responsible for significant productive and sanitary losses in livestock systems in different regions of the world. Predominantly caused by Brucella abortus, the disease is related to reproductive disorders, especially abortions in the last third of gestation, retained placenta, infertility, and reduced productive performance, in addition to representing an occupational risk for individuals exposed to infected animals and their byproducts. Given this scenario, the objective was to review the main control strategies and management protocols applied to brucellosis in cattle. A narrative literature review was conducted based on recent scientific studies focused on the epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and control of the disease. The analyzed evidence demonstrates that effective sanitary programs focus primarily on prevention and population control, since individual therapeutic treatment in cattle has limited applicability. Among the most described measures are the vaccination of young females with the S19 and RB51 strains, periodic serological surveillance through screening and confirmatory tests, the elimination of reactive animals, and the control of animal movement between properties. Additionally, biosecurity practices, such as proper handling of materials from abortions, hygiene of facilities, and acquisition of animals with sanitary certification, are fundamental to reducing the spread of the agent. It is concluded that combating bovine brucellosis depends on the integration of vaccination, epidemiological monitoring, sanitary management, and producer adherence to official programs, in accordance with the principles of One Health and livestock sustainability.