CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA: CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION CRITERIA

Abstract

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders that compromise the formation and mineralization of dental enamel, affecting both dentitions and manifesting early in childhood. The clinical variability of the condition, coupled with its similarity to other enamel disorders, makes diagnosis a challenge in dental practice, especially in pediatric patients. This study aimed to conduct a narrative literature review on the main clinical and radiographic criteria used in the diagnosis of amelogenesis imperfecta, with an emphasis on identifying the different subtypes of the condition. The search was conducted in the PubMed database, including articles published in the last five years that directly addressed the diagnostic aspects of AI. The studies analyzed demonstrated that the association between detailed clinical examination and systematic radiographic evaluation is fundamental for the recognition of the disease. Clinically, generalized enamel defects, dental hypersensitivity, premature wear, and chromatic alterations stand out, while radiographic findings show variations in enamel thickness and radiopacity, aiding in the differentiation between hypoplastic, hypomature, hypocalcified, and mixed types with taurodontism. It is concluded that the integration of clinical and radiographic criteria constitutes the basis for the accurate diagnosis of amelogenesis imperfecta, allowing for its correct classification and favoring early dental follow-up, especially in childhood, with a direct impact on clinical management and the quality of life of patients.