ONCOLOGICAL HEMATOLOGY: THE ROLE OF STEM CELLS IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML)

Abstract

Oncologic Hematology, also known as Onco-hematology, is a medical subspecialty focused on the diagnosis and treatment of malignant blood-related diseases, notably Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML), a clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem cells. CMML, which represents about 20% of leukemias, is characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome and the hyperactivity of the protein resulting from this mutation, which favors cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has proven to be an important therapeutic alternative for patients with CMML, especially those resistant to conventional treatments. The objective of this study is to analyze the efficacy of stem cell transplantation in the treatment of CMML, exploring its interactions with the tumor microenvironment and recent advances in cell therapy. The research adopted a qualitative methodology, with an integrative literature review, based on scientific articles and books from the PUBMED, SCIELO, and Google Scholar databases, published between 2020 and 2025. Data collection will be carried out between February and November 2025, with the analysis of sources that address CMML and the use of stem cell transplants. It is expected to identify the most effective approaches and the biological mechanisms involved, such as the interaction between stem cells and the tumor microenvironment. In addition, the research will seek to highlight the clinical impacts of transplantation, such as the improvement in hematological indices and the control of disease progression, as well as pointing out recent therapeutic advances. Critical analysis of the evidence may also reveal gaps in current knowledge, suggesting directions for future investigations. Thus, the research aims to contribute to the improvement of clinical practices and the advancement in the treatment of CMML.