EVIDENCE-BASED AND EXPERIENTIAL PHYTOTHERAPY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (UTIs) IN BRAZIL

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide, with a high incidence among women. Faced with the growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance, herbal medicine emerges as a promising complementary strategy. This study performs a systematization based on the methodology of Evidence-Based and Experience-Based Phytotherapy applied to Clinical Practice, according to Rossato, Dal-Bó, and Citadini-Zanette (2024), using the Direct Validation – Level 1 (VD1) model. Eighteen plant species with scientific evidence and regulatory support for the management of UTIs were identified. Of these, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi stands out for its antimicrobial action described in official documents, while Echinacea purpurea and Vaccinium macrocarpon have immunomodulatory and antiadhesive properties, respectively. The other species, such as Phyllanthus niruri and Equisetum arvense, act as mild diuretics and adjuvants in uncomplicated cases. The research revealed that only four species are actively registered as simple herbal medicines with ANVISA, and most of the extracts identified for all species are for home use, requiring correct preparation for clinical efficacy. The study reinforces the need to expand the training of professionals in the field and update clinical guidelines to include official herbal medicine. It also highlights the importance of public policies that integrate traditional practices and scientific evidence, promoting the safe and rational use of medicinal plants in the SUS. The proposed systematization offers clinical and regulatory support for the prescription of herbal medicines in the adjunctive treatment and prevention of UTIs.