CHALLENGES AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF SCHOOL INCLUSION IN BRAZIL

Abstract

The study investigated the challenges and achievements of school inclusion in Brazil, with the aim of identifying the main barriers faced and the advances achieved in promoting inclusive education. The research used a qualitative approach, through a literature review, analyzing relevant studies and documents on the subject. The main challenges identified included structural and pedagogical barriers, resistance and prejudice, as well as the lack of adequate training for teachers. Structural barriers involve the absence of physical adaptations in schools, while pedagogical barriers refer to the inadequacy of curricula. Resistance and prejudice on the part of some educators and members of the school community were also highlighted as significant obstacles. The need for continuous capacity building for teachers has been identified as a critical area to improve the effectiveness of inclusive practices. In contrast, advances have included improvements in public policies and the adoption of assistive technologies, which have facilitated inclusion. The study revealed that, despite the progress, there are still areas that require attention, such as the improvement of pedagogical practices and the formulation of specific policies. Concluding remarks highlighted that while important progress has been made, continued research and policy and practice development is needed to address persistent challenges and promote effective school inclusion.