SALUD BUCAL Y PROMOCIÓN DE LA SALUD EN EL GRUPO DE ANCIANOS PREFRÁGILES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n11-027Palabras clave:
Salud Bucodental, Prefragilidad, Envejecimiento, Personas Mayores, Promoción de la SaludResumen
Objetivos: comparar dos grupos de personas mayores en prefragilidad, procedentes de diferentes clínicas ambulatorias, en cuanto a su salud bucal y sistémica.
Métodos: se trata de un estudio observacional transversal con 36 personas mayores en prefragilidad, de la Clínica de Fragilidad (GPFF) y la Clínica de Promoción de la Salud en Personas Mayores (GPFG), que siguieron el mismo protocolo clínico-odontológico: número de dientes, tipo de prótesis dental, lesiones de tejidos blandos, así como número de enfermedades y uso de medicamentos en la última consulta. También se evaluaron mediante el GOHAI (Valoración Geriátrica de la Salud Bucal), un instrumento que correlaciona subjetivamente la salud bucal (percepciones tridimensionales) con la calidad de vida.
Resultados: en el grupo total, el 55,5 % eran edéntulos, mientras que el resto tenía un promedio de 5,33 dientes. El grupo GPFG era significativamente mayor que el grupo GPFF (p = 0,02). No se observaron diferencias significativas en el uso de prótesis ni en las lesiones de tejidos blandos entre los grupos. Sin embargo, la puntuación GOHAI fue baja en el grupo GPFF, mientras que los mejores resultados en las dimensiones física y psíquica se obtuvieron en el grupo GPFG (p=0,005 y p=0,001, respectivamente). El número de enfermedades sistémicas presentó una mediana mayor en el grupo GPFF (p<0,001), al igual que el número de medicamentos utilizados (p=0,037).
Conclusión: incluso en pacientes clasificados como prefrágiles, el fomento del autocuidado, con especial énfasis en la salud bucal, dentro de un programa de promoción de la salud en adultos mayores, mostró diferencias significativas en los parámetros de salud y calidad de vida.
Descargas
Referencias
1 Arenas-Márquez, M. J., Tôrres, L. H. N., Borim, F. S. A., Yassuda, M. S., Neri, A. L., & Sousa, M. L. R. (2022). Perda de função mastigatória e risco de fragilidade em idosos vivendo em domicílios familiares no Estado de São Paulo. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia, 25(5), Article e210234. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562022025.210234.pt DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562022025.210234.en
2 Atchison, K. A., & Dolan, T. A. (1990). Development of the geriatric oral health assessment index. Journal of Dental Education, 54(11), 680–687. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.1990.54.11.tb02481.x
3 Bianco, A., Mazzea, S., Fortunato, L., Giudice, A., Papadopoli, R., Nobile, C. G. A., et al. (2021). Oral health status and the impact on oral health-related quality of life among the institutionalized elderly population: A cross-sectional study in an area of southern Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), Article 2175. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042175 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042175
4 Borg-Bartolo, R., Roccuzzo, A., Molinero-Mourelle, P., Schimmel, M., Gambetta-Tessini, K., Chaurasia, A., et al. (2022). Global prevalence of edentulism and dental caries in middle-aged and elderly persons: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Dentistry, 127, Article 104335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104335 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104335
5 Boschetto, R. M., Barbosa, L. C., Souza, T. M., & Bastos, R. S. (2023). Edentulismo e fragilidade em pessoas idosas domiciliadas: Um estudo transversal. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia, 26, Article e230165. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562023026.230165.pt DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562023026.230165.pt
6 Cano-Escalera, G., Graña, M., Irazusta, J., Labayen, I., Gonzalez-Pinto, A., & Besga, A. (2023). Mortality risks after two years in frail and pre-frail older adults admitted to hospital. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(9), Article 3103. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093103
7 Chan, D. C. D., Tsou, H. H., Chang, C. B., Yang, R. S., Tsauo, J. Y., Chen, C. Y., et al. (2017). Integrated care for geriatric frailty and sarcopenia: A randomized control trial. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 8(1), 78–88. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12132 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12132
8 Chu, W., Lynskey, N., Iain-Ross, J., Pell, J. P., Sattar, N., Ho, F. K., et al. (2023). Identifying the biomarker profile of pre-frail and frail people: A cross-sectional analysis from UK Biobank. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), Article 2421. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032421
9 Colombo, R., Bertolini, S. M. M. G., Silva, J. C., & Macedo, A. B. (2019). A importância do treinamento físico funcional frente à sarcopenia decorrente do envelhecimento. Arquivos Mudi, 23(3), 22–24. https://doi.org/10.4025/arqmudi.v23i3.51494 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4025/arqmudi.v23i3.51494
10 Fried, L. P., Tangen, C. M., Walston, J., Newman, A. B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., et al. (2001). Frailty in older adults: Evidence for a phenotype. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 56(3), M146–M156. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.3.M146
11 Genç, F. Z., & Uslu, A. (2024). The relationship and affecting factors between oral health and frailty in the older people: A cross-sectional study. Public Health Nursing, 41(3), 438–445. https://doi.org/10.1111/phn.13300 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/phn.13300
12 Hogue, C. M., & Castrejón-Pérez, R. C. (2024). Oral health and frailty. In J. G. Ruiz & O. Theou (Eds.), Frailty: A multidisciplinary approach to assessment, management, and prevention (pp. 359–368). Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57361-3_47
13 Hussein, S., Kantawalla, R. F., Dickie, S., Suarez-Durall, P., Enciso, R., & Mulligan, R. (2022). Association of oral health and mini nutritional assessment in older adults: A systematic review with meta-analyses. Journal of Prosthodontic Research, 66(2), 208–220. https://doi.org/10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_20_00207 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2186/jpr.JPR_D_20_00207
14 Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. (2022). Expectativa de vida. https://www.ibge.gov.br/busca.html?searchword=expectativa%20de%20vida&searchphrase=all
15 Jesus, R. M., Campos, F. L., Rodrigues, L. G., Perazzo, M. F., Soares, A. R. D. S., Ribeiro, M. T. F., et al. (2020). Guideline for oral care of dependent elders: Mapping review and cross-cultural adaptation to Portuguese-Brazil. Brazilian Oral Research, 34, Article e097. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0097 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0097
16 Kondoh, J., Ono, T., Tamine, K., Fujiwara, S., Minagi, Y., Hori, K., et al. (2015). Effect of complete denture wearing on tongue motor biomechanics during swallowing in edentulous older adults. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 15(5), 565–571. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12315
17 Kotronia, E., Wannamethee, S. G., Papacosta, A. O., Whincup, P. H., Lennon, L. T., Visser, M., et al. (2021). Poor oral health and inflammatory, hemostatic, and cardiac biomarkers in older age: Results from two studies in the UK and USA. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 76(2), 346–351. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa096 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa096
18 Linabarger, M., Griffin, S. O., & Hamilton, E. K. (2021). Utility of state-based basic screening survey reports for national oral health surveillance in older adults. Preventing Chronic Disease, 18, Article E31. https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd18.200471 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd18.200471
19 Mafra, L. P. V., Penna, A. M., Garrido, G. O., Coutinho, M. P., Catapreta Junior, A. A., & Barros, S. B. (2023). Síndrome do envelhecimento precoce bucal: Uma revisão de literatura. In Anais do 2º Congresso Tudo é Ciência: (Ser) humano na sociedade 5.0. Brasil, Volta Redonda.
20 Mauceri, R., Arduini, S., Coppini, M., Bazzano, M., Trujillo, I., & Campisi, G. (2024). Drug assumption and awareness about adverse drug reactions. The right to know. The case of the bone-modyfing agents: A systematic review. Frontiers in Oral Health, 5, Article 1441601. https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1441601 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1441601
21 Nagatani, M., Tanaka, T., Son, B. K., Kawamura, J., Tagomori, J., Hirano, H., et al. (2023). Oral frailty as a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults: Kashiwa study. Experimental Gerontology, 172, Article 112075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2022.112075 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2022.112075
22 Park, J. S., Lee, S. H., Jung, S. H., Choi, J. B., & Jung, Y. J. (2019). Tongue strengthening exercise is effective in improving the oropharyngeal muscles associated with swallowing in community-dwelling older adults in South Korea: A randomized trial. Medicine, 98(40), Article e17304. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000017304 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000017304
23 Rapp, L., Sourdet, S., Vellas, B., & Lacoste-Ferré, M. H. (2017). Oral health and the frail elderly. The Journal of Frailty & Aging, 6(3), 154–160. https://doi.org/10.14283/jfa.2017.9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14283/cw.2017.5
24 Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1997). Successful aging. The Gerontologist, 37(4), 433–440. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/37.4.433 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/37.4.433
25 Sakaguchi, H. (2014). An oral function improvement program utilizing health behavior theories ameliorates oral functions and oral hygienic conditions of pre-frail elderly persons. Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi, 81(2), 77–86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5357/koubyou.81.2_77
26 Sakai, K., Nakayama, E., Yoneoka, D., Sakata, N., Iijima, K., Tanaka, T., et al. (2022). Association of oral function and dysphagia with frailty and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cells, 11(14), Article 2199. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11142199 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11142199
27 Shimizu, A., Maeda, K., Wakabayashi, H., Nishioka, S., Ohno, T., Nomoto, A., et al. (2021). Sarcopenic dysphagia with low tongue pressure is associated with worsening of swallowing, nutritional status, and activities of daily living. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 25(7), 883–888. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-021-1641-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-021-1641-3
28 Vendola, M. C. C., & Jacob-Filho, W. (2023). Impact of oral health on frailty syndrome in frail older adults. Einstein (São Paulo), 21, Article eAO0103. https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2023ao0103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2023AO0103
29 Veronese, N., Custodero, C., Cella, A., Demurtas, J., Zora, S., Maggi, S., et al. (2021). Prevalence of multidimensional frailty and pre-frailty in older people in different settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews, 72, Article 101498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2021.101498 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2021.101498
30 Vieira, B. L. C., Morais, L. P., Vargas-Ferreira, F., Guimarães, M. R. C., Mattos, F. F., & Vargas, A. M. D. (2021). Use and need of removable dental prostheses in an institutionalized Brazilian elderly population: A cross-sectional study. Brazilian Oral Research, 35, Article e134. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0134 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0134
