MINERÍA ILEGAL, CONFLICTOS SOCIOAMBIENTALES Y DEFORESTACIÓN EN LA AMAZONÍA LEGAL: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE LA LITERATURA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n9-095Palabras clave:
Minería Ilegal, Minería, Deforestación, Mercurio, Amazonía LegalResumen
La minería ilegal se ha consolidado como un factor clave de deforestación en la Amazonía Legal, generando impactos ambientales y sociales que incluyen contaminación por mercurio, fragmentación del hábitat, conflictos territoriales y presión sobre Unidades de Conservación y Tierras Indígenas. Esta revisión sistemática siguió las directrices PRISMA y evaluó la calidad metodológica de los estudios utilizando la lista de verificación del Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI). La búsqueda se realizó en SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science y Google Académico, abarcando el período de 2008 a 2022. Se identificaron 2664 registros; tras la revisión y lectura de títulos y resúmenes, se seleccionaron 66 artículos para su lectura completa, 21 de los cuales cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados destacan los efectos directos e indirectos de la minería ilegal en la deforestación, destacando el papel de las vías de acceso, los mercados de oro y la deficiente aplicación de la ley. El resumen destaca la necesidad de políticas públicas integradas, una mayor supervisión y alternativas económicas sostenibles para reducir la dependencia de la minería. Se concluye que la reciente intensificación de la minería ilegal está asociada con picos de deforestación y riesgos para la salud pública derivados de la exposición al mercurio.
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