EFECTOS DEL SILICIO EN Theobroma cacao L. QUE CRECE EN SUSTRATOS DEGRADADOS: UN ANÁLISIS DE LAS RESPUESTAS MORFOFISIOLÓGICAS Y LA FLUORESCENCIA DE LA CLOROFILA A
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev8n5-131Palabras clave:
Crecimiento, Aluminio, Hierro, Cacao, Prueba JIPResumen
El silicio (Si) es considerado un elemento beneficioso debido a sus efectos positivos en la mitigación de diversos estreses bióticos y abióticos. A pesar de los resultados prometedores reportados para diferentes cultivos, los estudios relacionados con la aplicación de Si en Theobroma cacao aún son incipientes y se han asociado con mayor frecuencia a la mitigación de estreses bióticos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el potencial mitigador del Si en plántulas de cacao sometidas a toxicidad por aluminio (Al) y hierro (Fe), mediante respuestas morfofisiológicas. Las plántulas fueron cultivadas en tres sustratos: sustrato orgánico (Sor), sustrato con alta saturación de aluminio (SAl) y sustrato con alta saturación de hierro (SFe), con o sin aplicación al suelo de 2 mM de silicato de potasio. Se evaluaron variables de crecimiento, parámetros de fluorescencia de la clorofila a, prueba JIP e índice SPAD. La aplicación de Si redujo los valores de Fv/Fm y PIabs en SAl y SFe, así como el PItotal en SFe, en comparación con Sor. Independientemente del sustrato, las plantas tratadas con Si presentaron respuestas inferiores a las de las plantas sin Si en términos de absorción, captura y transferencia de energía a lo largo de la cadena de transporte de electrones. Además, la toxicidad metálica promovió reducciones en el crecimiento y en la asignación de biomasa. En Theobroma cacao, el Si no mitigó los efectos de la toxicidad por Al y Fe sobre el desempeño fotoquímico y el crecimiento de las plántulas; sin embargo, se requieren estudios adicionales para comprender mejor la respuesta del Si bajo diferentes condiciones de suelo y genotipos de cacao.
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