IMPACTO DE LOS AGONISTAS DEL RECEPTOR GLP-1 EN LA ESTRUCTURA Y FUNCIÓN CARDÍACAS: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE LA LITERATURA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev8n5-068Palabras clave:
Agonistas del Receptor de GLP-1, Insuficiencia Cardíaca, Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2, Obesidad, CardioprotecciónResumen
Los agonistas del receptor del péptido similar al glucagón tipo 1 (AR-GLP-1) han adquirido una importancia creciente en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, la obesidad y las enfermedades cardiovasculares, especialmente debido a sus potenciales efectos cardioprotectores más allá del control glucémico. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar, mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura, los efectos de los agonistas del receptor de GLP-1 sobre la estructura y función cardíacas, así como sobre biomarcadores y resultados cardiovasculares en individuos con obesidad, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y/o insuficiencia cardíaca. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed/MEDLINE y LILACS, incluyendo estudios publicados entre 2014 y febrero de 2026. Se consideraron elegibles los ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, los estudios observacionales, las revisiones sistemáticas y los metaanálisis. Tras el proceso de selección y la aplicación de los criterios de elegibilidad, se incluyeron 38 estudios en la síntesis cualitativa. Los hallazgos demostraron una reducción constante de los eventos cardiovasculares adversos mayores y de la mortalidad general, así como mejoras en los biomarcadores cardiovasculares, la capacidad funcional y la calidad de vida, especialmente en pacientes con obesidad e insuficiencia cardíaca con fracción de eyección preservada. Por el contrario, los efectos relacionados con la remodelación estructural cardíaca mostraron mayor heterogeneidad entre los estudios incluidos. Se concluye que los agonistas del receptor de GLP-1 presentan un perfil cardiometabólico favorable y relevancia clínica en el contexto actual de la prevención cardiovascular, con evidencia más sólida para los resultados clínicos y funcionales que para las alteraciones estructurales cardíacas.
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