REDUCCIÓN DE COMORBILIDADES DEBIDAS A PROCEDIMENTOS INVASIVOS ENCAMINADOS A LA PÉRDIDA DE PESO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev8n5-030Palabras clave:
Cirugía Bariátrica, Comorbilidad, Síndrome MetabólicoResumen
La obesidad constituye un desafío global para la salud pública, intrínsecamente ligada a comorbilidades metabólicas y cardiovasculares que reducen la calidad de vida. Esta revisión sistemática, basada en el análisis de 140 artículos publicados entre 2020 y 2024, evalúa el impacto a largo plazo de la cirugía bariátrica —específicamente el bypass gástrico y la gastrectomía en manga— en la remisión de estas afecciones. La evidencia demuestra que, además de una pérdida de peso sostenida, estos procedimientos promueven mejoras significativas en la hipertensión, la dislipidemia y la enfermedad del hígado graso, así como altas tasas de remisión de la diabetes tipo 2 y recuperación de la función renal. También se observó una reducción sustancial en los costos de medicación para el síndrome metabólico. Sin embargo, la efectividad duradera de estas intervenciones enfrenta barreras críticas, a saber, la recuperación de peso y la aparición de trastornos psiquiátricos y de la alimentación en el período postoperatorio. Por lo tanto, se concluye que el éxito clínico de la cirugía bariátrica depende imperativamente de un seguimiento multidisciplinario continuo para mitigar las recaídas y asegurar el mantenimiento de los beneficios metabólicos alcanzados.
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