ANÁLISIS HISTÓRICO (2000 A 2023) DE LA CORRELACIÓN ENTRE EL DESEMPEÑO DE LOS OBJETIVOS DE DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE (ODS) DE LOS PAÍSES DE LA ORGANIZACIÓN PARA LA COOPERACIÓN Y EL DESARROLLO ECONÓMICOS (OCDE)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n12-010Palabras clave:
Agenda 2030, Indicadores, SostenibilidadResumen
Este estudio analizó la correlación entre el desempeño de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de los países miembros, socios y candidatos de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) entre 2000 y 2023. Se utilizaron datos del Centro de Transformación de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (2024), procesados con el software R (versión 4.4.0), aplicando la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk para la normalidad, correlaciones de Spearman y análisis de conglomerados mediante K-medias. Se calcularon las correlaciones individuales entre los ODS para 49 países y se sintetizaron mediante una matriz de correlación acumulativa, lo que permitió identificar los ODS con tendencias negativas. La principal contribución de este artículo es presentar el desempeño de las correlaciones de los ODS para cada país individualmente, a diferencia de otros artículos que presentan resultados en términos de medidas de tendencia central y análisis de variabilidad para un conjunto de países. Los resultados indicaron que ningún país mostró correlaciones exclusivamente positivas entre los ODS, lo que revela que el progreso en ciertos objetivos a menudo se produce a expensas de otros. Los ODS 2 (hambre cero), 8 (trabajo y empleo) y 16 (paz y justicia) mostraron mayor tendencia a correlaciones negativas, mientras que los ODS 3 (salud y bienestar), 5 (igualdad de género) y 9 (innovación) presentaron mayor estabilidad. El análisis de conglomerados no generó agrupaciones consistentes, lo que sugiere una marcada heterogeneidad entre los países. Se concluye que el progreso hacia la sostenibilidad depende en gran medida de los contextos locales y que el logro de la Agenda 2030 requiere una integración efectiva entre las políticas nacionales y la cooperación internacional, con especial énfasis en el fortalecimiento del ODS 17 (alianzas).
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