PRINCIPALES ABORDAJES DE LA FISIOTERAPIA RELACIONADOS CON PACIENTES CON ENFERMEDAD RENAL CRÓNICA (ERC) EN HEMODIÁLISIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n11-376Palabras clave:
Enfermedad Renal Crónica, Hemodiálisis, Fisioterapia Intradiálisis, RehabilitaciónResumen
Introducción:La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) se caracteriza por la pérdida progresiva e irreversible de las funciones renales, siendo la hemodiálisis (HD) el principal tratamiento utilizado en etapas avanzadas. Aunque es esencial para la supervivencia, el procedimiento se asocia con inactividad física, fatiga y deterioro funcional, lo que refuerza la importancia de la fisioterapia como estrategia para el mantenimiento de la capacidad funcional y la calidad de vida. Objetivo: Analizar las principales intervenciones fisioterapéuticas aplicadas a pacientes con ERC en hemodiálisis, identificando sus efectos sobre la fuerza muscular, el rendimiento funcional y el bienestar general. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática del tipo scoping review, de acuerdo con las directrices del PRISMA 2020. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados publicados entre 2015 y 2025, obtenidos en la base de datos PubMed. Los estudios seleccionados abordaron intervenciones fisioterapéuticas intradialíticas, tales como ejercicios resistidos, aeróbicos, combinados y terapias complementarias. Resultados: Se incluyeron 17 ensayos clínicos, con un total de 940 participantes. Las intervenciones fisioterapéuticas mostraron mejoras significativas en las pruebas de fuerza (FPM), rendimiento funcional (TC6, STS30, TUGT) y calidad de vida (SF-36, KDQOL-SF, entre otras). Las estrategias combinadas y la electroestimulación neuromuscular se destacaron por promover mejoras más expresivas y seguras durante la HD. Conclusión: La fisioterapia intradialítica constituye una intervención segura y eficaz en la rehabilitación de pacientes con ERC, contribuyendo a la preservación de la función física, la reducción de la fatiga y la mejora de la calidad de vida. Se recomienda el desarrollo de protocolos estandarizados y estudios a largo plazo para consolidar la evidencia científica.
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