PHYSICOCHEMICAL DYNAMICS IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS IN THE AMAZON: A MULTIVARIATE APPROACH APPLIED TO SHRIMP FARMING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n11-022Keywords:
Biofloc, Water Quality, Amazon, Litopenaeus vannamei, Multivariate Analysis, Shrimp FarmingAbstract
The intensification of shrimp farming in the Amazon has driven the adoption of sustainable systems such as biofloc technology (BFT) to optimize water quality and reduce water exchange. However, variations in physicochemical parameters—such as salinity, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen—remain significant challenges for local producers. This study aimed to monitor and analyze the temporal dynamics of these parameters during a 24-day experimental culture of Litopenaeus vannamei in a BFT system, using water and shrimp from a commercial farm on the coast of Pará, Brazil. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analyses, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), were applied to identify variation patterns and critical management variables. The results showed stable temperature, buffered pH, and adequate dissolved oxygen levels, while conductivity, salinity, and total dissolved solids increased gradually with system maturation. PCA highlighted these variables as the main contributors to total variance, and HCA revealed three distinct phases in the production cycle, representing stages of biofloc development. It is concluded that the integration of multivariate tools with continuous water quality monitoring enhances the understanding of the system’s physicochemical evolution, providing support for sustainable shrimp farming management under Amazonian conditions.
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