EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICES IN PSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPIES: A NARRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This article presents a narrative review of the literature on Evidence-Based Practices (EBP) in Psychology, with a particular focus on Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies (CBTs). EBP in psychology is defined by the integration of three essential components: the best available scientific evidence, the practitioner's clinical expertise, and the patient's characteristics, values, and preferences. The article discusses the hierarchy of levels of research evidence, from meta-analyses and systematic reviews, considered the most robust, to descriptive studies and expert opinions. The work explores the role of Division 12 of the American Psychological Association (APA), the Society of Clinical Psychology, in identifying and promoting evidence-based psychological interventions. The paper addresses the main cognitive-behavioral therapies recognized for their effectiveness, such as Cognitive Therapy (CT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), detailing their foundations and applications. CT, developed by Aaron Beck, focuses on cognitive restructuring.  ACT, in turn, seeks to promote psychological flexibility through acceptance and commitment to values. DBT, created by Marsha Linehan, is effective in treating emotional dysregulation and borderline personality disorder. The objective of this review is to consolidate understanding of the importance of EBP in psychological practice, providing an updated overview of CBTs and their levels of evidence, contributing to more effective and ethical clinical practice.