ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN A CONSERVATION UNIT IN THE AMAZON REGION, IN THE INSULAR REGION OF BELÉM, PARÁ, BRAZIL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n8-126Keywords:
Water Quality, Contamination, Combú Island, Surface WaterAbstract
The island of Combú, which belongs to the capital of the state of Pará, in the city of Belém, is an Environmental Protection Area (APA), inhabited by riverside communities and subject to urban and tourist environmental pressures. In order to analyze the concentrations of heavy metals in the surface waters of the Guamá River throughout the island, water samples were collected at nine different points, during the rainy (June/2023) and less rainy (May/2024) periods, and analyzed for the concentration of nine metals, Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, using induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Water quality was assessed using the CCME Water Quality Index (IQA-CCME), adapted for heavy metals, based on the limits of CONAMA Resolution 357/2005. The results showed that all the points were classified as "poor quality", with a predominance of Al, Fe and Mn above the legal limits. It was observed that concentrations were significantly higher in the less rainy period (p < 0.05), indicating a seasonal influence. Natural factors, such as the acidic pH and the local geology (latosols with iron and aluminum oxides), associated with the decomposition of organic matter and the greater interaction between sediment and the water column, explain part of the contamination observed. Anthropogenic factors, such as Belém's poor basic sanitation, disorderly urban growth and unregulated tourism, intensify environmental degradation, contributing to water contamination. The continued presence of these metals, even in varying concentrations, indicates a worrying picture of heavy metal pollution, representing an ecological risk, compromising aquatic fauna and potentially affecting human health, requiring urgent environmental management actions, with inspection and continuous monitoring to protect local biodiversity and the health of riverside communities.
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