FLORISTIC RICHNESS AND ECOLOGY OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES IN THE RESERVOIR OF FAZENDA ESCOLA DE CASTANHAL - UFRA: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE

Abstract

Aquatic macrophytes play a key role in aquatic ecosystems, influencing water quality, habitat stability and local biodiversity. This study aimed to analyze the floristic richness, ecological structure and environmental function of aquatic macrophytes in the reservoir of the Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), in Castanhal-PA. For this, the Howard-Williams (1975) square methodology was used, allowing the systematic sampling of aquatic vegetation. A total of 45 species belonging to 24 botanical families were identified, with a predominance of Poaceae, Cyperaceae and Asteraceae. Species such as Cabomba aquatica and Utricularia gibba stood out for their ecological relevance, acting as substrate and environmental bioindicators, contributing to the retention of nutrients in the ecosystem. In addition, the analysis of the physicochemical parameters indicated that the water in the reservoir is classified as Class II, suitable for aquaculture and recreation, according to CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005. The results reinforce the importance of macrophytes in the ecological stability of aquatic ecosystems, evidencing their role in nutrient retention and in supporting biodiversity. These findings highlight the need for ongoing studies to assess the dynamics of these plant communities and their relationship with environmental factors.