EVIDENCE-BASED AND EXPERIENCE-BASED PHYTOTHERAPY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF DIARRHEA IN BRAZIL

Abstract

Diarrhea is a condition of high morbidity and mortality, characterized by an increase in the frequency and liquidity of bowel movements, which can lead to severe dehydration. This study performed a narrative review using the Evidence- and Experience-Based Phytotherapy method, following Direct Validation – Level 1 (VD1) in line with the Official Phytotherapy and the prerogatives of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). Ten plant species validated for the management of mild and non-infectious diarrhea were identified, including Anacardium occidentale (cashew tree), Eugenia uniflora (pitangueira), and Psidium guajava (guava tree), the latter also effective against rotavirus enteritis. The therapeutic effects of these plants are related to the presence of tannins and flavonoids, which promote astringent, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory action. Medicinal teas, in the form of infusion or decoction, are the most common preparations, requiring proper preparation to ensure effectiveness. Despite the validation, there is a shortage of herbal medicines registered with ANVISA for this purpose, evidencing the need to expand research, and encourage the manipulation/production of herbal medicines and the supply of these plants in the SUS. It is concluded that phytotherapy represents a promising alternative for the management of diarrhea, and it is essential to train health professionals and develop public policies that favor its access and rational and safe use.