THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: ADVANCES AND CLINICAL CHALLENGES

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a chronic and progressive condition that affects an increasing proportion of the global population. Its prevalence has risen substantially, driven by factors such as population aging, urbanization, poor diet, and sedentary lifestyle, leading to an increasing burden on healthcare systems. The relationship between obesity and T2DM is well-documented, as obesity amplifies genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, contributing to insulin resistance, a key feature of T2DM pathogenesis (RUZE et al., 2023). Additionally, the ectopic expansion of adipose tissue and the accumulation of certain nutrients and metabolites impair metabolic balance, exacerbating immune-metabolic dysregulation and accelerating the functional loss of β-cells, culminating in elevated blood glucose levels (RUZE et al., 2023).