SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGIES IN EDUCATION: A CRITICAL REVIEW AND PROPOSAL OF NEW PATHS

Abstract

The study focused on scientific methodologies applied to education, to identify gaps in the proposals of the main authors and explore how these methodologies could be updated to meet the demands of the contemporary educational context. The central problem of the research asked: what are the gaps present in the scientific methodologies proposed by the main authors and how can these methodologies be updated to meet the demands of the contemporary educational context? The general objective was to critically analyze the scientific methodologies applied to education, highlight their contributions, identify limitations, and propose new paths for their updating. The methodology adopted was based on a bibliographic review, using as main sources classical and contemporary works by recognized authors in the field, such as Gil (2008), Lakatos and Marconi (2017), Creswell (2010), Bardin (2011) and Minayo (2002). The analysis focused on systematizing methodological contributions, identifying convergences and divergences, and proposing methodological innovations, considering current technological and social demands. The results and analyses indicated that, although the authors studied offered bases for conducting scientific research, their approaches presented gaps in aspects such as the integration of emerging technologies, adaptation to the specificities of the Brazilian educational context, and the inclusion of multimodal data. Limitations in the practical applicability of the methodologies in educational settings marked by inequalities and restricted access to technological resources were also highlighted. However, the results showed that updating these methodologies, through the incorporation of digital tools, hybrid approaches, and ethical perspectives, can increase their relevance and impact. In the final considerations, it was concluded that the scientific methodologies analyzed remain relevant, but need adaptations to respond to contemporary demands. In addition, the need for new studies that explore the practical implementation of the proposed updates, evaluating their effectiveness in different educational contexts, was reinforced. Keywords: Scientific Methodologies. Education. Critical Review. Methodological Update. Educational Research.