ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS: THE CASE OF THE IBICUÍ, RECANTO AND SÃO JOAQUIM SETTLEMENTS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF SANTANA DO LIVRAMENTO/RS

Abstract

The history of Brazil can be told considering as fundamental the role of social movements and their achievements, in this case specifically the social movements of the countryside, or rural social movements. Through this social organization, the various advances and achievements collaborate for Brazilian rural development. Through the struggles of social movements, especially after the redemocratization of Brazil in 1988, with the Citizen Constitution, social, economic and political demands emerged in the rural population, never "experienced" in the country, where the Brazilian State saw the emergence of popular pressure issues that were not previously evoked by the people. In rural areas, the pressures for better living conditions were being inserted into the State's agendas. The rural settlements are the result of these claims and created to ease the spirits of this marginalized population, they highlight because of the struggles of social movements, the "recampesinization" and a new proposal for the Brazilian rural environment. The present work aims to demonstrate through the analysis of data on the development processes of agrarian reform settlements (Ibicuí, Recanto and São Joaquim) in the municipality of Sant'Ana do Livramento/RS and how they developed according to their particularities, making a comparison of data from the ATES Integrated Rural Management System (SIGRA) from the years 2016 and 2022,  Among this information are: population, education, infrastructure, access roads, health, etc. The methodology used combines quantitative and qualitative approaches, with the analysis of data collected by technicians from the Technical, Social and Environmental Advisory (ATES) in 2016, and by the collection of the Interdisciplinary Group on Studies and Rural Development (GIEDER) in 2022, to update the SIGRA database. The results highlight the diversities found among the settlements, distributed in three distinct blocks in the region of the municipality of Sant'Ana do Livramento. This study indicates that settlements have different forms of development, and that their full consolidation may take more than two decades. Given that, the most consolidated settlements are those with more than 25 years of history, in addition to good social organization and appropriate access infrastructure. Being through the SIGRA data, referring to the region of Sant'Ana do Livramento, it is possible to emphasize both the strengths and the obstacles faced by the settlements, thus enabling a comprehensive view of the living conditions of the settled families.