ARBOVIRUSES IN BRAZIL: CHALLENGES FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE CRUCIAL ROLE OF BASIC SANITATION

Abstract

Introduction: Brazil, with its vast territorial extension and high population density, has a significant occurrence of arboviruses, such as dengue, zika and chikungunya. These diseases, which are widely reported in different regions, share similar symptoms, which makes diagnosis and control difficult, negatively impacting the public health system. The main vector of these diseases is the Aedes aegypti mosquito, making its population control a priority in prevention strategies. Objective: This review article aimed to analyze the main arboviruses circulating in Brazil, discuss the factors associated with the increase in their incidence, and highlight the relevance of basic sanitation as a prevention tool. Methodology: For the preparation of this work, an integrative literature review was carried out in scientific databases, including articles published between 2000 and 2023. Studies that address the epidemiology, vectors, risk factors, impact on public health, and control measures of arboviruses in Brazil were selected. Data on public policies for basic sanitation and their relationship with the incidence of these diseases were also analyzed. Results and Discussion: The analysis revealed that the high incidence of arboviruses is associated with factors such as inadequate sanitation conditions, water storage practices in areas with limited access to regular supply, and climate change. Studies indicate that regions with lower basic sanitation coverage have a higher prevalence of mosquito vector foci. The review also highlighted the importance of integrated control measures, such as environmental management, the use of biological and chemical technologies, and public awareness, as strategies to reduce the proliferation of Aedes aegypti and the number of cases. Conclusion: The fight against arboviruses in Brazil requires investments in basic sanitation infrastructure, targeted public policies and educational actions that encourage the elimination of mosquito breeding grounds. The implementation of integrated strategies can minimize the impact of these diseases on public health and improve the quality of life of the population.