GENDER VIOLENCE AND WOMEN'S HEALTH: PHYSICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND INTERVENTION STRATEGIES IN COMPREHENSIVE CARE

Abstract

Gender-based violence is one of the most serious human rights violations, with profound impacts on women's physical, psychological, and social health, in addition to representing a global challenge for health systems and public policies. Objective: to analyze the multidimensional impacts of gender-based violence on women's health and to discuss intervention strategies that promote comprehensive care. Methodology: The research was carried out as a narrative review, covering studies published between 2018 and 2024, consulted in databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS, using controlled descriptors and keywords. Complete studies, freely available, that directly addressed the proposed theme were considered, excluding abstracts of events and editorials. Results: The impacts of gender-based violence are broad and interconnected. In the physical aspect, they include immediate injuries, such as fractures, bruises and burns, as well as long-term complications, such as chronic pain, cardiovascular diseases, gynecological complications and greater susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections. Psychologically, disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder stand out, often associated with self-destructive behaviors and difficulty seeking help due to feelings of guilt and shame. Socially, violence perpetuates cycles of exclusion and dependence, undermining the autonomy of victims and increasing economic vulnerability. Children exposed to violence in the home environment are more likely to internalize abusive patterns, perpetuating violent behaviors in future generations. The intervention strategies identified the importance of intersectoral approaches, integrating health, social assistance, education and public safety. The Maria da Penha Law was recognized as an essential milestone in the fight against violence in Brazil, but it faces challenges in its application, such as insufficient resources and limited coordination between services. Educational campaigns, the training of professionals and the inclusion of the theme in school curricula are pointed out as crucial measures to deconstruct cultural patterns that naturalize violence. Conclusion: Gender-based violence requires integrated and sustained responses, which include humanized welcoming, psychological support, promotion of autonomy and cultural transformation. The strengthening of public policies is essential to break the cycle of violence, promote women's comprehensive health, and achieve gender equality.