ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF OPEN, LAPAROSCOPIC, AND ROBOTIC SURGERY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Abstract

Laparotomy gave rise to practical medicine with safer surgical resolutions according to its indications and contraindications. Laparoscopic surgery has revolutionized the surgical field in recent decades, using small incisions and specialized instruments in contrast to traditional open surgery. Its main advantages include reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and faster patient recovery. Robotic surgery has added to laparoscopy the enrichment of movements, ease of maneuvers and procedures, three-dimensional visualization, and ergonomics for the surgeon. Although the initial costs and the need for specialized training represent challenges, the use of this technology is growing, with the potential to become the standard in many areas of minimally invasive surgery. This integrative review, based on bibliographic research in databases such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, Brazilian Journal of Health Review, SCIELO.