DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN CATS

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in cats represents a highly relevant condition in clinical practice, especially in geriatric animals, and is frequently diagnosed at advanced stages due to the silent nature of its progression. This study aimed to gather and analyze recent evidence related to diagnostic strategies for CKD in cats. This is a narrative review based on scientific literature published between 2021 and 2025, with searches conducted in the PubMed database, encompassing studies on traditional and emerging biomarkers, the influence of comorbidities, and associated metabolic alterations. The analysis of the studies reveals a shift in the diagnostic paradigm, with the emphasis on integrated approaches rather than the isolated use of serum creatinine. In this context, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) stands out as the most sensitive marker for the early detection of reduced glomerular filtration rate, although its interpretation should consider concomitant conditions, such as hyperthyroidism, which can interfere with laboratory parameters. Furthermore, the inclusion of variables such as ionized calcium and serum magnesium contributes to a more accurate assessment of the prognosis and progression of the disease. Other relevant aspects include the role of the gut-kidney axis and the influence of uremic toxins on the pathophysiology of CKD, as well as the importance of recognizing and managing systemic complications such as anemia. Thus, it is evident that the current diagnostic approach should be comprehensive and based on the integration of multiple clinical and laboratory parameters. It is concluded that early detection and appropriate management of feline CKD depend on a multiparametric evaluation, associated with the control of comorbidities and the careful interpretation of biomarkers, enabling more effective interventions and a better prognosis.