THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER: MULTIMODAL INTERVENTIONS IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev8n2-020Keywords:
Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Parent Training, Child Mental Health, Telemedicine, Child and Adolescent DevelopmentAbstract
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is an externalizing condition characterized by persistent irritability and defiant behavior, with a severe impact on biopsychosocial functioning. This narrative review analyzes the scientific evidence of the last five years on multimodal interventions, highlighting the transition from individual care to integrated models. The diagnosis has evolved into a three-dimensional structure (irritability, defiance, and revenge), essential for therapeutic personalization. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) remains the gold standard, now enhanced by digital tools and applications that increase adherence to therapeutic tasks. Parental Management Training (PMT) is consolidated as an indispensable pillar, demonstrating effectiveness in both face-to-face and self-directed formats (d-PMT). The study also addresses the emergence of ODD symptoms after traumatic brain injuries and the modulation of the pharmacological response to methylphenidate in the presence of comorbidities. It concludes that effective management requires the articulation between family, school, and digital technologies to promote emotional self-regulation and healthy social reintegration.
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References
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