CANINE LEPTOSPIROSIS IN BRAZILIAN URBAN AREAS: EVIDENCE ON TEMPORAL TRENDS, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, AND SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS (2015–2024)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev8n1-159Keywords:
Spatial Analysis, One Health, Animal Health, Epidemiological Surveillance, Urban ZoonosesAbstract
Canine leptospirosis is a zoonosis of growing importance in Brazilian urban areas, associated with adverse socio-environmental conditions such as poor sanitation, high rainfall, and the presence of rodents, in addition to representing a potential impact on public health. Considering the fragmented scientific production and the absence of a standardized national surveillance system for canine leptospirosis, it became necessary to systematize the available evidence on the urban dynamics of the disease. The objective was to review and synthesize the scientific production published between 2015 and 2024 on canine leptospirosis in urban areas of Brazil, with an emphasis on temporal trends, spatial distribution, and the main socio-environmental determinants associated with its occurrence. To this end, an integrative literature review was conducted, with searches performed in the SciELO, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Virtual Health Library databases, including original studies developed in Brazilian urban contexts. Thus, it was observed that canine leptospirosis presents temporal fluctuations associated with periods of higher rainfall, spatial concentration in socially vulnerable urban areas, and a strong relationship with factors such as inadequate sanitation, flooding, the presence of rodents, and inadequate animal management. Furthermore, the studies analyzed highlighted the potential of dogs as epidemiological sentinels of the environmental circulation of Leptospira spp. This led to the conclusion that strengthening integrated surveillance strategies, based on the One Health approach, is essential for the early identification of risk areas and for improving leptospirosis prevention and control actions in Brazilian urban environments.
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