HUMAN RIGHTS OF THE LGBTQIA+ POPULATION AND THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS OF THE UN 2030 AGENDA: GUIDELINES FOR AN INTERNATIONAL POLICY TO COMBAT HOMOPHOBIA

Abstract

The persistence of violence and discrimination against the LGBTQIA+ population highlights the gap between the declared universality of human rights and the effectiveness of their protection at the national and international levels. Although significant normative advances have been observed, the structural exclusion of this group remains associated with the absence of integrated public policies and statistical invisibility in global governance mechanisms. In this context, this article aims to analyze how the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations' 2030 Agenda can be instrumentalized as guidelines for building a coordinated international policy to combat homophobia. The research adopts a qualitative approach, of an exploratory and descriptive nature, based on bibliographic and documentary research, analyzing normative frameworks, institutional documents, and specialized literature on human rights, international law, and global governance. The results indicate that the absence of specific indicators related to sexual orientation and gender identity limits the capacity of States to formulate, implement, and evaluate inclusive public policies, compromising the principle of "leaving no one behind." It is also evident that the criminalization of homophobia, when adopted in isolation, has limited reach and is insufficient to address structural inequalities. It is concluded that the effective realization of LGBTQIA+ rights within the framework of the 2030 Agenda requires the integration of disaggregated data production, articulation between regional and multilateral human rights systems, and the implementation of intersectoral public policies capable of transforming normative commitments into concrete protection.