RECURRENCE OF EATING DISORDERS WITH THE USE OF GLP-1 RECEPTOR AGONISTS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Considering the rapid expansion of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) for the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes, especially in contexts marked by strong thinness ideals and weight stigma, concerns have arisen about the potential re-emergence of eating disorders (EDs) associated with these pharmacological therapies. It aims, in this article, to critically analyze the recent literature on the interface between GLP-1RAs and EDs, focusing on the recurrence or worsening of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder among vulnerable populations. To this end, we proceed to a qualitative narrative review based on scientific articles, position statements by specialized associations and institutional documents published mainly between 2020 and 2025, identified in databases such as PubMed and Scopus, and in official websites. In this way, it is observed that GLP-1RAs have a double potential: they may reduce binge eating and support more regular eating patterns in individuals with obesity and binge eating disorder, while at the same time they may reinforce restrictive behaviors, misuse and weight-focused cognitions in subjects with a history or high risk of EDs. This allows us to conclude that GLP-1RAs should only be prescribed after systematic ED screening, within a multidisciplinary framework and with continuous mental health monitoring, avoiding their “cosmetic” use or prescriptions disconnected from comprehensive biopsychosocial assessment (Guimarães, 2005).