AVALIAÇÃO DO ÍNDICE DE OSTEONECROSE DA CABEÇA FEMORAL APÓS FIXAÇÃO DE FRATURA DO COLO DO FÊMUR COM MAIS DE 48 HORAS DE EVOLUÇÃO: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n9-315Palavras-chave:
Fratura do Colo Femoral, Osteonecrose da Cabeça Femoral, Cirurgia Tardia, Complicações Ortopédicas, Terapias RegenerativasResumo
A fratura do colo femoral representa uma urgência ortopédica frequente, especialmente em idosos, estando associada a elevadas taxas de morbimortalidade. Quando o tratamento cirúrgico é adiado por mais de 48 horas após o trauma, observa-se um aumento significativo da incidência de complicações, com destaque para a osteonecrose da cabeça femoral. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, a frequência e os fatores associados ao desenvolvimento de osteonecrose em pacientes submetidos à fixação da fratura do colo femoral após esse intervalo crítico. Foram selecionados oito estudos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, envolvendo 835 pacientes no total. As taxas de osteonecrose variaram de 18,6% a 30%, sendo mais elevadas nos casos com maior tempo de atraso cirúrgico e ausência de terapias complementares. Constatou-se que o tempo entre o trauma e a cirurgia é um fator determinante para o desfecho clínico, reforçando a importância da intervenção precoce. Adicionalmente, o uso de terapias regenerativas demonstrou potencial para reduzir o risco de necrose, mesmo em contextos de cirurgia tardia. Esses achados evidenciam a necessidade de protocolos clínicos que priorizem o tratamento oportuno e considerem abordagens biotecnológicas adjuvantes.
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