EDUCATIONAL INEQUALITIES: CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE EQUITY IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM

Abstract

This study analyzes educational inequalities in Brazil, identifying challenges and strategies to promote equity in the education system. Through a systematic review of the literature and analysis of recent data, the research reveals significant disparities in access, permanence, and school performance, influenced by socioeconomic, regional, and ethnic-racial factors. The results indicate that 6.6% of the Brazilian population aged 15 and over is illiterate, with rates reaching 13.9% in the Northeast. Students in the richest quintile perform 32% better on standardized tests compared to those in the poorest quintile. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these inequalities, with 26.8% of public school students without access to remote activities. The study highlights effective public policies, such as the Bolsa Família Program, which reduced school dropout by 36% among beneficiaries. Promising strategies include implementing culturally sensitive curricula, strengthening comprehensive education, and mentoring programs, demonstrating potential to reduce disparities. The research emphasizes the need for a multidimensional approach, involving public policies, innovative pedagogical practices, and community engagement. It is concluded that, despite the advances, significant challenges persist, such as school segregation and the intersectionality of inequalities. The study proposes directions for future research and underscores the importance of continued and coordinated investments to build a truly equitable education system in Brazil.