PLURALIST JUDAISM: HISTORY OF OFFICIAL JEWISH MOVEMENTS IN RECENT CENTURIES ESPECIALLY IN THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURIES

Abstract

Introduction: Judaism has been characterized by a diversity of thought and political and religious divisions since ancient times, which today can be represented by Jewish denominations or movements. Objective: This research aims to show how Jewish movements and their respective Jewish denominations have developed throughout Jewish history, focusing on Jewish movements in recent decades and centuries. Method: This research used a literature review of Jewish newspapers, Jewish websites, and scientific articles, using a qualitative, exploratory methodology. Results: Judaism has undergone several transformations, from Orthodox Judaism to non-Orthodox Judaism or Progressive Judaism. New Jewish movements have emerged, generally as offshoots of Orthodox Judaism and Reform Judaism, with the emergence of pluralist, reconstructionist, humanist, universalist, and renewalist Jewish movements, among several other Jewish denominations. Conclusions: Judaism has as its principles its renewing, progressive, humanist, democratic and evolutionary aspects, in constant mutation, contemporary Judaism is driven by democratic and technological societies such as the United States of America, especially.