FROM THE BLACKBOARD TO THE CLOUD: HOW EDUCATION IS SHIFTING TO FULLY DIGITAL ENVIRONMENTS

Abstract

Digital transformation in education has progressively intensified over recent decades, driven by developments such as the widespread availability of the internet, the expansion of mobile technologies, and, more recently, the integration of artificial intelligence. However, the COVID-19 pandemic marked a turning point, abruptly accelerating the adoption of digital resources by educational institutions worldwide. This article examines the transition from a traditional educational model—centered on face-to-face instruction, blackboard use, and physical infrastructure—to hybrid and, increasingly, fully digital approaches supported by online platforms, virtual learning environments, cloud-based solutions, and interactive tools.

In addition to providing a historical overview of this shift, the article analyzes its impact on pedagogical methodologies, the role of educators, personalized learning, assessment strategies, and the ongoing professional development of teachers. It also addresses persistent challenges such as digital exclusion, infrastructure limitations in underserved regions, cultural resistance to technological adoption, and the lack of effective public policies to ensure equitable access to digital education.

The analysis is supported by practical examples, case studies, and emerging trends, including the use of augmented reality, gamification, big data, and adaptive learning. Finally, the article offers reflections on possible pathways to strengthen a more inclusive, equitable, and student-centered digital education, with a particular focus on the Brazilian context and successful international experiences.