THE OCCURRENCE OF ENTEROPARASITES IN INDIVIDUALS OF THE HUMAN POPULATION OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF SÃO JOSÉ DOS BASÍLIOS – MA

Abstract

Enteroparasitosis continues to be a major challenge to global public health, affecting millions of people worldwide. Especially those who are in a situation of social vulnerability. In Brazil, the North and Northeast regions have the highest rates of infection by enteroparasites, making this issue a significant concern for public health. This study analyzed the occurrence of enteroparasites in individuals treated by the public health service in the city of São José dos Basílios - MA. The research adopted a qualitative-quantitative approach, analyzing 1,812 parasitological stool tests (EPFs) performed between 2022 and 2023, considering variables such as age, sex, area of residence, and types of parasites identified. The data revealed that 33.17% of the samples analyzed presented positive results for enteroparasites, with protozoa such as Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia duodenalis being  the most comprehensive. Helminths have also been found, such as Ascaris lumbricoides, although to a lesser extent. Children were identified as the most vulnerable group due to exposure to contaminated environments and poor hygiene practices. In addition, the rural area had a higher incidence of cases compared to the urban area, highlighting structural challenges such as lack of sanitation and treated water. Between 2022 and 2023, there was a reduction in the infection rate, from 40% to 25.47%. This decrease can be attributed to educational actions and specific improvements in basic sanitation, although structural challenges still persist. The study suggests the need for integrated strategies, such as improvements in basic sanitation, access to drinking water, educational campaigns and contributes to future public policies, highlighting that parasitosis reflects social and structural inequalities, and is expected to inspire actions to improve the health and quality of life of the population.