EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS: ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON CHILD AND ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR

Abstract

The article examines epigenetics as an emerging field of biology, considered essential for understanding the modifications that influence gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. Processes such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and the performance of non-coding RNAs are highlighted, all of which are fundamental in gene regulation and in the maintenance of physical and mental health. Epigenetics is presented as an interdisciplinary discipline that covers areas such as medicine, psychology, neurosciences, and social sciences, especially in the critical phases of childhood and adolescence, periods when human development is particularly susceptible to external influences. The article discusses how early experiences, including environmental stressors and social interaction dynamics, can induce epigenetic changes that shape behaviors and predispositions to mental disorders. In addition, the relevance of early interventions is emphasized, suggesting that a deep understanding of epigenetic mechanisms can provide new perspectives on behavioral plasticity. However, limitations in existing research are recognized, such as the lack of longitudinal studies and the complexity of interactions in the real-life context. The text also raises pertinent ethical issues, especially with regard to interventions in vulnerable populations, such as children and adolescents. It is proposed that future research should focus on the relationships between environmental stressors and epigenetic changes, as well as the effectiveness of early interventions based on epigenetic knowledge. In conclusion, the article asserts that epigenetics is an area of paramount importance for biology and medicine, capable of informing more effective social policies, contributing to the well-being of children and adolescents and promoting the construction of more just and equitable societies.