PSYCHOSOCIAL CHALLENGES IN β-THALASSEMIA: THE EFFECT OF STIGMA AND ONGOING TREATMENT ON MENTAL HEALTH

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: β-thalassemia is a hereditary hemoglobinopathy that results in chronic anemia and several systemic complications, impacting the quality of life of patients, in addition to bringing significant psychosocial challenges. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyze the psychosocial impacts of β-thalassemia, focusing on anxiety, depression, ongoing treatment-related stress, and social stigma. METHODOLOGY: An integrative literature review was carried out between January and February 2025, with a search in the VHL, Google Scholar and SciELO databases. The descriptors used were: Mental Health, Quality of Life and Beta Thalassemia. Initially, 46 articles were found, of which 7 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria to compose the final sample. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The review of the studies revealed that patients with β-thalassemia often present symptoms of anxiety and depression, due to the need for regular blood transfusions, risk of iron overload, and the limitations imposed by the disease. In addition, factors such as family support, access to appropriate treatment, and public policies have a great impact on the adaptation and well-being of these individuals. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the management of β-thalassemia, especially with regard to psychosocial support. Healthcare professionals' awareness of patients' emotional needs, as well as self-care and emotional resilience strategies, is essential to promote a better quality of life.