THE INFLUENCE OF EXPOSURE TO POLLUTANTS ON FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

Abstract

Introduction: Exposure to environmental pollutants has been recognized as a significant risk factor for female reproductive health. Substances such as endocrine disruptors, heavy metals, and particulate matter can interfere with reproductive physiological processes, resulting in adverse outcomes such as infertility, hormonal changes, and gestational complications. Given the relevance of the theme, this study seeks to synthesize the evidence on the impacts of environmental pollution on reproductive health, highlighting the importance of public policies and preventive actions. Objective: To investigate the influence of exposure to environmental pollutants on female reproductive health, analyzing the biological mechanisms involved, the related outcomes, and the implications for public health policies and sustainable practices. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review conducted in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Virtual Health Library (VHL). Studies published in the last 10 years, in English, Portuguese and Spanish, that addressed the impacts of environmental pollutants on female reproductive health were included. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively, organizing the results into thematic categories: infertility, hormonal changes, gestational complications and environmental inequalities. Results and Discussion: The results showed that endocrine disruptors directly interfere with hormonal processes, affecting ovulation and oocyte quality. Substances such as bisphenol A and phthalates have been linked to a higher risk of infertility and conditions such as endometriosis. Gestational complications, such as miscarriage and intrauterine growth restriction, have often been linked to exposure to air pollutants. In addition, vulnerable populations, especially low-income women, face greater risk due to environmental inequalities and limited access to health services. Integrated strategies, such as chemical regulation and educational campaigns, were highlighted as essential to mitigate these impacts. Conclusion: Exposure to environmental pollutants significantly affects female reproductive health, reinforcing the need for preventive actions and effective public policies. Promoting sustainable practices and raising awareness of the risks are essential to protecting women's health and reducing environmental inequalities. This study contributes to the advancement of scientific knowledge and the development of strategies that integrate health, environment and well-being.